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Dawn's picture

Wide-Complex Tachycardia Converted by Adenosine

This ECG was presented earlier this week as an example of SVT with LBBB aberrancy, which was ultimately converted with one dose of adenosine in the Emergency Department.  It is the most shared and commented on ECG yet to appear on the Guru.  The diagnosis given was the one accepted by the medical staff who cared for the patient, who was a man in his 30's who presented to the Emergency Department complaining of a rapid heart rate.  He was ambulatory with stable vital signs, in spite of the tachycardia. He reported that he has had several episodes of fast heart rate which responded to either Valsalva maneuvers or, in some cases, medication in the ED.  He was told he might benefit from an ablation procedure, but he did not have health insurance and continued to use the ED as his primary source of medical care.  When he was admitted to the ED, the tech initially called for help, thinking the monitor showed ventricular tachycardia.  The ED physician felt that this represented LBBB aberrancy, possibly rate-dependent, and he treated the patient with adenosine.  The rhythm converted to sinus after one dose, and the patient remained stable throughout the process.  He was advised to undergo further observation and testing, but he declined due to financial concerns, and the fact that he usually succeeded in relieving his symptoms with "bearing down".  

Wide-complex tachycardias can be difficult to assess simply from an ECG. The patient's stability depends more upon general health and cardiac output issues than the origin of the tachycardia.  When we presented this ECG, we also presented the diagnosis he had upon discharge from the ED.

Subsequently, ECG Guru Dr. Ken Grauer, a frequent contributer to this site, offered his alternative diagnosis and his explanation of why he believes this to be v tach.  Other well-respected ECG experts have also questioned the original diagnosis.  Please refer to the comments below for this very helpful explanation.  Unfortunately, this patient is lost to followup, as this incident occurred some time ago.

WTCs remain a most fascinating topic, especially for those who enjoy "detective work".  We thank Dr. Grauer, Tom Bouthillet, and others for their contributions to the ECG Guru on this topic.
   

Dawn's picture

Intermittent Left Bundle Branch Block

This patient suffered a recent anterior-septal wall M.I., which can be seen as slight ST elevation in V1 and ischemic T wave inversions in V2 through V4. The patient has developed an intermittent left bundle branch block as a result of this M.I.  Every other beat is conducted in a left bundle branch block pattern, as the LBB cannot repolarize in time for each beat.  The criteria for LBBB are:  wide QRS, supraventricular rhythm, and negatively-deflected QRS in V1 with a positive QRS in V6 and Lead I.

Dawn's picture

Left Bundle Branch Block With Acute Inferior Wall M.I.

This interesting and instructive ECG was contributed by Jason Roediger, ECG Guru Extraordinaire, and one of the experts featured on our '"Ask the Experts" page. It is an excellent example of acute inferior wall M.I. with left bundle branch block. Left bundle branch block normally displays ST elevation and depression in a "negative concordance" pattern. That is, when the QRS complex is negative, we may expect ST elevation. When the QRS is positive, ST depression is seen. In this ECG, there is clearly ST elevation in Leads II, III, and aVF, and the ST segments have a distinct coved upward appearance. This shape signals to the experienced ECG interpreter that there is an acute injury.

Unfortunately, the normal deviations of the ST segment seen in left bundle branch block can make diagnosis of acute M.I. difficult. For a good example of a left BBB without acute M.I., please refer to the ECG archives on this site. Often, students are taught that it is IMPOSSIBLE to see an acute M.I. in the presence of LBBB. This is not true, as this ECG clearly illustrates. See the March 4, 2012 blog post on the ECG Guru regarding this topic.

Dawn's picture

Wide Complex Tachycardia, 12 Lead ECG and Rhythm Strip

This is a good example of wide complex tachycardia that must be evaluated for V Tach vs supraventricular rhythm with left BBB.

There is an irregular rhythm.  When the rate is fast, it is important to look at a longer strip, as sometimes fast rates will cause the rhythm to look regular.  We know that monomorphic V Tach is not irregular, so that tells us that we are looking at atrial fibrillation.  

The ECG criteria for left bundle branch block is met here:  1) supraventricular rhythm (atrial fib), 2) wide QRS, and 3) negative QRS in V1 and positive QRS in Leads V6 and I.

With wide complex tachycardia, there is always a chance of ventricular tachycardia, and the patient should be treated as V tach until proven differently.  For more on determining whether a WCT is V tach or SVT with ventricular conduction delay, go to this LINK. 

Dawn's picture

Wide Complex Tachycardia: Left Bundle Branch Block

Today, we are revisiting an ECG from the archives, with a NEW comment from Dr Ken Grauer. This ECG is worth a second look because it is a very good example of the left bundle branch block pattern. It's also a good ECG to use when discussing treatment of wide-QRS tachycardias.

This ECG demonstrates a wide complex tachycardia with classic signs of LBBB: wide QRS, QRS negative in V1 and positive in V6 and Lead I, and supraventricular rhythm. P waves are difficult, if not impossible, to discern for sure. The machine does give a P wave axis and PR interval.  When evaluating a wide complex tachycardia, the patient's hemodynamic stability will initially determine treatment.  All WCTs should be treated as V TACH until proven otherwise.  The presence of a typical LBBB pattern makes LBBB very likely, but is not a sure thing.  This patient was confirmed to have LBBB when the rate slowed, the P waves became visible, and the QRS complexes did not change.

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