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Dr A Röschl's picture

SINUS ARRHYTHMIA

Submitted by Dr A Röschl on Thu, 08/10/2023 - 01:07

Here we see the EKG of a 15-year-old girl. The rhythm is irregular, with the heart rate fluctuating between approximately 60 and 90 beats per minute. All P waves are identical, and the PR interval is always constant. Therefore, a sinus arrhythmia is present. In this case, it is a respiratory sinus arrhythmia, which is commonly found in younger individuals. The heart rate increases reflexively during inspiration and decreases during exspiration. This physiological sinus arrhythmia is usually no longer present in older individuals.

Dr A Röschl's picture

ECG OF A 3 YO BOY, IS IT NORMAL?

Submitted by Dr A Röschl on Mon, 07/31/2023 - 04:17

Here is the ECG of a 3-year-old boy. Is there cause for concern? The ECG shows a sinus rhythm with significant sinus arrhythmia. The heart rate increases with inspiration and decreases with expiration, which is called respiratory sinus arrhythmia. The QRS-axis is between 60 and 90 degrees, which is physiological at this age. The negative T-waves in V1-V3 (V4) are also age-appropriately normal. Therefore, there is no reason for concern; the ECG is considered normal for the child's age.

Dr A Röschl's picture

Non-respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia

Submitted by Dr A Röschl on Wed, 07/26/2023 - 05:58

This is the ECG of an 81-year-old man with hypertension. Currently, he has no complaints: no palpitations, no shortness of breath, no syncope, no chest pain. The rhythm is irregular, but all P-waves have the same shape. There is a non-respiratory sinus arrhythmia present, which is essentially the minimal variant of a sick sinus syndrome. There are no consequences for the patient resulting from this diagnosis.

Dawn's picture

ECG Basics: Second-degree AV Block, Type II

Submitted by Dawn on Tue, 12/08/2020 - 15:31

This rhythm strip was obtained from a man who was suffering an acute inferior wall M.I.  There are ST elevation and hyperacute T waves.  The rhythm is SINUS ARRHYTHMIA WITH SECOND-DEGREE AV BLOCK, TYPE II.    There is also first-degree AV block.

There are more P waves than QRS complexes, with a 3:2 ratio.  The atrial rate varies between 55 -68 beats per minute.  The sinus rate speeds slightly after the dropped QRS in each group. The ventricular rate is about 40 bpm, with grouped beating. (Regularly irregular.)

The PR intervals are steady at 226 ms (slightly prolonged).

Dawn's picture

ECG Challenge: Guillain-Barre' Syndrome Patient

Submitted by Dawn on Mon, 06/15/2020 - 13:45

This ECG is probably not for the basic ECG interpretation class.  But, it presents a challenge for the experienced ECG Gurus and instructors out there.  We will leave it here for one week, to allow for comments.  On June 22, we will publish Dr. Jerry Jones’s comments. 

The Patient      This ECG is from a 44-year-old man. He was stricken with Guillain-Barre’ Syndrome when he was 32.  He doesn’t know what his ECGs showed when he was hospitalized with GBS. He knows of no abnormal lab results except for a high CK of 414, attributed to the muscle wasting with GBS.

When he was 43, he started having occasional light-headedness, and was found to have bradycardia around 50 bpm that did not increase with exercise.  A loop recording showed occasional bradycardia over the next several years.  This ECG is now five years old, and the patient says he no longer suffers from bradycardia or lightheadedness, only occasional palpitations and a sensation of “skipped beats”. He lives an active life, albeit with some residual lower extremity weakness from the GBS.

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Dawn's picture

Irregular Rhythm in a Young Person

Submitted by Dawn on Wed, 03/27/2019 - 23:21

The Patient     This ECG is taken from a teenage boy whose mother was concerned that he has an “irregular pulse”.  He is otherwise very healthy, and has no complaints.

The ECG     The rhythm is irregular.  With such a short strip (12-Lead ECGs are often about ten seconds long), it is difficult to determine the exact reason for the irregularity.  One possibility is a sinus rhythm with PACs, which would not be unexpected in a young person.  The more likely interpretation is sinus arrhythmia, also very common in young people.  In a longer strip, we might be able to associate the rhythmic slowing and speeding of the rate with the patient’s respirations.  The P waves all look alike in each of the twelve leads. Different P wave morphology in the early beats would indicate PACs, but the similar P waves do not exclude PACs.

The PR interval is normal, the QRS duration normal, the QTc is normal.  The rate (average 68 bpm) is normal.  The frontal plane QRS axis is normal, with Lead II having the tallest QRS in the frontal plane (limb leads), and aVL small and biphasic.  R wave progression in the precordial leads is good, with the transition from negative to positive in V3. 

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